Development of Mobile and Real-Time Vital Signs Monitoring System with Camera Integration

Abstract

Pre-hospital and emergency department staff play important roles to treat patients where these two departments are correlated to each other. However, there are few misalignments between them such as dissimilar training and clinical abilities, language barriers, and high-risk clinical environments which are characterized by noise, interruption, and time restriction. The objective of this study was to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) based health monitoring system with real-time camera inside an ambulance. With this system, the emergency department can monitor the current patient’s condition in an ambulance while measuring data when paramedics are having difficulties. In conducting the study, the IoT health monitoring system was developed by using ESP32 as the main microprocessor. Few sensors were used including DS18B20, MAX30102, and ESP32-CAM. In addition, the Blynk application was used as the IoT and connected through Wi-Fi, provided by the ESP32. Five respondents were assigned for the data measurement of vital signs specifically heart rate, body temperature, and SpO₂ using both standard and proposed monitoring system to calculate average and percentage error. From the results, the percentage error for heart rate was recorded as 21.56 ± 8.40%, body temperature was measured as 3.14 ± 3.41%, and SpO₂ was recorded as 2.13 ± 0.87%. Moreover, during the device construction, the camera functional was delayed for approximately 5 second. In conclusion, integrating real-time video with vital sign data in IoT-based health monitoring systems provides a comprehensive view of a patient's condition, enabling proactive treatment adjustments and better outcomes.